Which type of bias involves differences in responses related to culture, gender, or experiences?

The correct answer is cultural bias. Cultural bias refers to a situation where differences in responses or interpretations arise due to an individual's cultural context, gender identity, or personal experiences. This type of bias can manifest in various ways, such as test questions that may favor one cultural perspective over another, leading to discrepancies in how different groups respond.

Cultural bias often highlights the nuances of how various sociocultural factors can influence interpretation, judgment, and understanding, indicating that what may seem neutral or universally applicable could actually disadvantage certain groups. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing diversity in perspectives and how they shape individuals' responses to situations, questions, and even assessment tools.

The other choices do not accurately capture the nuanced interplay of culture, gender, or personal experiences in shaping responses. Item bias relates more to specific questions that might be unfairly interpreted or responded to by individuals from different backgrounds but does not explicitly focus on cultural differences. Verbal irony and dramatic irony, meanwhile, pertain to linguistic and narrative techniques rather than biases in perception shaped by background or identity.