Which of the following best describes a tragedy in literature?

A tragedy in literature is best described as a play that deals with tragic events and typically ends unhappily. This genre centers on the downfall of a central character, often due to a combination of fate, personal flaws, and societal pressures. The narrative usually evokes feelings of pity and fear, as audiences witness the inevitable decline of the protagonist, who often faces severe consequences from their actions or circumstances. This structure allows for deep exploration of complex themes such as moral dilemmas, human suffering, and the tragic nature of existence.

In contrast, the other options do not align with the defining characteristics of a tragedy. A play filled with comedic elements and a happy ending would be classified as a comedy, which aims to amuse and entertain rather than invoke solemn reflection. A story focused on the rise of a hero typically emphasizes success and triumph, diverging from the essence of tragedy. Finally, a narrative with a utopian theme envisions an ideal society, entirely opposite to the often bleak and conflicted world depicted in tragic literature. Therefore, the choice describing tragedy encapsulates the genre's intrinsic qualities and thematic focus effectively.