Which literary movement did realism react against?

Realism emerged as a literary movement in the 19th century primarily in reaction against Romanticism. While Romanticism emphasized individual emotion, imagination, and the glorification of nature, Realism sought to portray everyday life and ordinary events in a more practical and unembellished manner. Realists aimed to depict the realities of the human experience, focusing on society and the struggles of everyday people, rather than idealized figures or fantastical elements commonly found in Romantic literature.

This movement emphasized a more scientific approach to literature, showcasing characters that reflect the complexities of contemporary life, often highlighting social issues and portraying the challenges faced by common individuals. Therefore, Realism’s stark contrast to the idealistic and often escapist tendencies of Romanticism is what primarily defines its foundations.