What was a major characteristic of Gothic novels?

Gothic novels are renowned for their incorporation of supernatural elements and themes that often delve into madness and psychological distress. This characteristic is foundational to the genre, creating an atmosphere that blends fear, horror, and suspense. The incorporation of ghosts, monsters, and eerie settings typically serves not just to entertain but also to explore deeper human emotions and societal anxieties. These supernatural aspects often symbolize the inner turmoil of characters, illustrating the complexities of human psychology, particularly in the context of fear and insanity.

In contrast, the other characteristics listed do not align with the core tenets of Gothic literature. For instance, a focus on natural beauty and simplicity is more typical of pastoral or Romantic literature rather than the dark, brooding nature of Gothic works. The exploration of contemporary moral issues, while a significant aspect of some literary movements, does not specifically define the Gothic genre, which leans more towards the macabre and the fantastical. Lastly, the strict adherence to classical forms relates more closely to classical literature or certain poetic traditions, which do not characterize the often free-form and experimental approaches found in Gothic novels.