What type of assessment involves a teacher listening to a student read aloud and marking mistakes?

The correct choice is the type of assessment commonly referred to as a running record assessment. This method focuses specifically on capturing a student's reading abilities by having them read a text aloud while the teacher observes and documents their reading behavior. The teacher not only notes the mistakes made but also analyses the strategies the student employs during reading, such as self-correction, fluency, and comprehension skills.

This assessment is valuable because it provides immediate insights into a student’s reading development and informs instructional decisions. It allows the teacher to gauge the student's reading level, identify areas that need improvement, and adjust reading instruction accordingly.

In distinguishing this assessment from others, portfolio assessments collect a range of student work over time, anecdotal records are brief observations that contextualize student behavior, and standardized testing evaluates student performance against a set standard, often in a broader context. Each of these methods serves its own purpose but does not provide the same detailed, immediate feedback on a student's reading fluency and comprehension as running records do.