What term describes an outlook shaped by the beliefs and traits of a specific group?

The term that describes an outlook shaped by the beliefs and traits of a specific group is cultural bias. This concept refers to the tendency to interpret and judge phenomena based on the values and perspectives of one's own culture, which can significantly influence opinions and behaviors. Cultural bias can manifest in various forms, such as favoritism towards one's group or prejudice against individuals from different backgrounds. It highlights how deeply ingrained cultural beliefs and norms can affect perceptions, attitudes, and decision-making processes within a community or society.

The other terms offered do not convey this meaning. Item bias refers to a specific issue in research or testing, relating to questions being unfair to certain groups of test-takers. Situational irony involves a discrepancy between what is expected to happen and what actually occurs, while dramatic irony refers to a situation in a narrative where the audience knows more than the characters do. These concepts do not encompass the idea of an outlook formed by cultural traits and beliefs.