What period does the term "Middle English" refer to in the development of the English language?

The term "Middle English" refers specifically to the period between the 12th and 15th centuries in the development of the English language. This period follows Old English and precedes Early Modern English. During these centuries, English underwent significant changes due to various influences, including contact with Norman French and Latin. This resulted in a substantial expansion of vocabulary and shifts in grammar and pronunciation.

Middle English literature also flourished during this time, exemplified by works such as Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Canterbury Tales," which reflect the evolving structure and richness of the language. Understanding that this time frame is marked by both linguistic and cultural transformation is crucial, as it set the stage for the further evolution of English into what we recognize today as Early Modern English.