What is the common term used for the chemical compound "salt"?

The correct answer refers to sodium chloride, which is the most commonly recognized form of salt in everyday life, particularly table salt. Sodium chloride is made up of sodium and chlorine ions and is essential for various biological functions, adding flavor to food and acting as a preservative. The term "salt" in the context of chemistry generally refers to any ionic compound formed from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base, but sodium chloride is the one most frequently encountered and used in cooking and food preparation.

The other options represent different chemical compounds that do not share the same common usage as table salt. Sodium carbonate, potassium chloride, and calcium carbonate serve different purposes, such as in cleaning agents, fertilizers, and antacids, but none have the universal recognition and application in cuisine that sodium chloride does.