What does the suffix '-ness' do to a word?

The suffix '-ness' is used to transform adjectives into nouns. When added to an adjective, it signifies a state, condition, or quality associated with that adjective. For example, the adjective "happy" becomes the noun "happiness," conveying the state of being happy. This process allows for a more nuanced expression of concepts and feelings, providing depth in language. Understanding this function can enhance vocabulary and clarity in writing, as it allows a writer to articulate ideas about qualities and conditions effectively.