From what era did the modern word "debt" originate?

The modern word "debt" originated during the Middle English period. This term is derived from the Old French word "debt," which in turn comes from the Latin word "debita," meaning what is owed. The transition from its Latin roots through Old French to Middle English shows the evolution of the English language as it absorbed influences from other languages, particularly during the Norman Conquest when French had a significant impact on English vocabulary. By the time of Middle English, the spelling and usage of "debt" became more standardized, leading to its current form and meaning.

During the Early Modern English period, the language underwent further changes in grammar and vocabulary, but "debt," having already established its form in the Middle English period, continued to be used consistently. Contemporary English refers to modern-day usage and vocabulary, but it is not the time frame when the word originated. Therefore, the correct choice is Middle English, as it aligns with the developmental phase when "debt" was solidified into the language as we recognize it today.