According to research, which practice is most effective for vocabulary instruction?

Repeated exposure to targeted vocabulary words is supported by substantial research in vocabulary instruction. This practice emphasizes the importance of encountering vocabulary words multiple times in various contexts, which helps reinforce understanding and retention. When students see words repeatedly, engaged in different activities involving those words—such as reading, writing, speaking, and listening—they can form stronger connections and develop a deeper understanding of the words' meanings and uses. This kind of exposure encourages students to integrate new vocabulary into their existing knowledge, leading to better comprehension and recall.

Research indicates that mere single exposure to vocabulary lists isn't sufficient for long-term retention, and independent study without guidance may not provide the necessary scaffolding or context for meaningful learning. While writing exercises can be beneficial, they are most effective when combined with repeated exposure to ensure that students are not only practicing but also internalizing the vocabulary being taught. In essence, repeated exposure is the cornerstone of effective vocabulary instruction because it fosters a richer and more durable vocabulary acquisition process.